Changes to Knighthood throughout the Years - 942 Words

Throughout the years knighthood has changed depending on what the people need and expect during that time period. They also vary on their manners, duties, ages, and skills. Kids start training since the age of seven, especially if they want to be in the arms profession. Start out by serving their fathers, around the age of 12, they then move onto serving the house receiving more advanced instructions in military subjects and morals. The original medieval nights were originally servants who kept their lords lands after they served in their lords armies. With time christian values were added to knighthood â€Å"involving respect for the church, protection of the poor and the weak, loyalty to one’s feudal or military superiors, and preservation of personal honour† (Knight 3). These became known as the knights orders they followed to achieve greatness. The first recognized group of knights evolved during the Crusades. There was several different groups of them including the Hospitallers of St John of Jerusalem, the Order of the Temple of Solomon, and the Order of St. Lazarus. While they were all considered knights each group had a different task and set of goals to accomplish. Not all of them fought in battles and saved princesses and kingdoms. For example, the Order of St. Lazarus had the unique duty of protecting the leper hospitals. Knights served more like the police officers and army of today combined under one category. The closest they became to the idealShow MoreRelatedThe Middle Ages : Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1742 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Page started at the age of 7. As a Page, future knights learned all their basic skills through sports. Learning the basic skills of riding horses, swimming, climbing, and wrestling was present during this time. The next stage of knighthood began at 14 years old in w hich the young man was called a Squire. During this stage, the young men would learn the concept of what chivalry is. The Squire practiced the use of weapons and learned how to strengthen their social skills. Along with practicingRead More Arthur Birling at the Beginning of Act One in An Inspector Calls1215 Words   |  5 Pagesthere would be no war, world war 1 started two years later and world war 2 ended in mid 1945; there were sturdy comparisons and discrimination between the upper and lower classes in the 1912 era but the class distinctions had significantly reduced in 1945 as a result of two world wars; the ruling classes saw no necessities in changing the status quo but in the time in which ‘An Inspector Calls’ was written, there was a great passion for social change in the classes and immediately after worldRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1514 Words   |  7 Pagesthe mid to late fourteenth century by an unknown author. Throughout the tale, Sir Gawain, a Knight at the Round Table in Camelot, is presented with many hardships, the first being a challenge on Christmas by a man in which, â€Å"Everything about him was an elegant green† (161). This â€Å"Green Knight† challenged someone in Camelot to accept his game which they will chop off his head with his axe and the Green Knight will do the same to the player a year and a day later. Sir Gawain stepped up to the challengeRead MoreThe Role of Arthur Birling in An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley1133 Words   |  5 PagesArthur hopes to get a Knighthood, he believes that he will due to all the work he has done for the community. He was Lord Mayor for two years and he still is a member of the bench. Mr Birling knows that Gerald’s family believe him to be marrying below his social status so he tells Gerald to drop hints to them about him gaining a Knight Hood in the hope it will impress them. His biggest fear when the Inspector has left is that he won’t get his Knighthood and that there will beRead Morejlok]1986 Words   |  8 Pagesland granted to the vassal. homage --A ceremony which bound the vassals physical protection for the lord of the manor. investiture-- The vassal gives his allegiance and is given his rights to control the land but not have ownership of it. knighthood --Able-bodied men who are hired by the vassal for the protection of the lord. standing army --A group of soldiers ready to do battle. subinfeudation --Breaking down an already-smaller portion of land in exchange for services and protection.Read MoreThe Hundred Years War And Feudal Society1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hundred Years’ War and Feudal Society Why did the feudal order of Medieval society fall apart? The feudal order of the Middle Ages was a system of local rule, where powerful lords gave land and protection in exchange for loyalty and military service from lesser lords. Tradition dictated that this exchange would be held in place by the feudal contract, consisting of multiple pledges. This resulted in small communities consisting of one powerful lord, peasants, and serfs who worked for the lordRead MoreEssay on Gender Bias for Men in the Field of Nursing690 Words   |  3 Pagesnurses. These admiral women provided for the casualties during Civil War in 1861. Historical figures like Clara Barton and Dorthea Dix served respectively as supervisor and superintendent throughout the Civil War, and are known for their phenomenal works. While the names of such prominent female figures echo throughout the history of nursing, men also play a very significant role in contributing to battlefield nursing, however they are not as pop ular. Don Sadler’s article, â€Å"As the numbers grow, willRead More Medieval Chivalry Essay2847 Words   |  12 Pages Western Civilization Medieval Chivalry and Knighthood During medieval times knighthood was a class culture, cherished and jealousy guarded by the knightly caste. Knight had the honor of defending the king as well as their country. On the bloody fields of battle a code of chivalry evolved that tempered anger and fury with mercy. It created ways of turning the grim business of fighting into something tolerable, perhaps even acceptable. Chivalry was not only looked upon as a code for war; it wasRead More Imagination in Don Quixote by Miguel Cervantes Essays932 Words   |  4 Pagesknight errant he runs into her and tells her that he will serve under her. He gives her the name Princess Dulcinea and is willing to do anything she desires. Throughout much of the story she thinks that he is mocking her because she is just a mere peasant, but when she realizes that his imagination has taken over his mind her feelings change. He sees her as a princess in his own mind because he sees through social status and looks at people for who they are. Don Quixote is one of the first peopleRead MoreCantos Themes Of Chivalry In The Green Knight905 Words   |  4 Pagesa challenge to test the knights chivalry. The challenge is simple, someone can cut the Green Knights head off as long as he is able to do it to them one year from now. Gawain takes the Green Knight’s challenge and cuts his head off with an axe, but to everyones surprise the Green Knight lives. Gawain now has to challenge the knight in a year and is worried about the encounter. Gawain shows chivalry when he accepts the knights challenge and doesnt try to get out of it after he founds out the outcome

Creative Writing Monologue †How did I end up like this Free Essays

How did I end up like this? Slashed up and left to die in a part of Bristol that Tourist Information is in denial as to its existence. Why would I even consider agreeing to such ludicrous terms? How many times has my mother said one of those embarrassing Irish sayings that no-one says or told you: â€Å"Don’t talk to stranger,† or â€Å"Don’t let your father be your role model or you’ll end up dead just like him.† Well I bet my Mum never envisaged me sharing my father’s grave before her. We will write a custom essay sample on Creative Writing Monologue – How did I end up like this? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s looking more bloody likely with every minute that goes by. â€Å"Pause† I’m eighteen! I should be with friends on the town, drinking and trying cigarettes, not slowly bleeding to death. In its time this is the kind of road that would be full of tourists who can’t afford to go abroad and want a cheap seaside holiday; well Bristol seems to have fallen to bits, now it’s nothing more than a grimy alleyway. I’m not even sure if I brought this situation upon myself; just another one of those innocent victims of inner city youth gangs. I can already picture my mother on GMTV, asking pointless question which were unlikely to be answered, but when they are they draw an inevitable dead-end. â€Å"Pause, Splutters† When you’re approached by twelve or so older boys you keep your head down, make no eye contact and walk on by. Except on this occasion they closed in on me. I felt trapped like a helpless animal, my legs disacknowledged my brain which was urging them to run. They said they wanted me to perform some sort of task. As the group distributed my duty I remained silent and still, although my brain had commenced a battle I didn’t argue. But somehow, without being told, I knew there was extensive danger with the task in hand. They spat threats at me though I had not even considered disobeying my assignment for one moment. â€Å"Pause, Chokes† I gathered I was to be a courier and deliver goods and not under any circumstances was I to be prevented from completing my task, regardless of what crossed my path: be it another gang or the police. I asked no questions as I expected to hear no answers (or if there were any – only deceitful ones). They all implied that the consequence for getting caught would most likely be death. At that I began to panic, taking deeper and deeper breathes, having this premonition of being brutally killed. I should have known at that very moment that this situation that I’m in now was unavoidable. â€Å"Pause, Chokes again† I just wish life was like one of those lame TV shows where the hero is on the brink of death but summons up the strength to save him as well as the good looking girl that invariably accompanies them. I want just a few more minutes with my mother to make up for all that I have done. When I was young, my father gave me an option; he said â€Å"Wayne, are you going to be a Mummy’s boy or a Dad’s boy?† From that very moment I made a decision that would be my burden for the rest of my life. I was always a Dad’s boy and followed a similar youth to that of my older brother Ashley; I would look up to Ashley – he was who I wanted to be. Dad was always showing off his first born, until he walked out at the age of 15 that is. â€Å"Pause, Single Tear† Shortly after his departure my dad committed suicide. My life went downhill and every day seem to be a new low. I blamed my mum for my father’s death and taunted and accused her of pushing before he jumped. Although it was not true it gave me great satisfaction hearing my mother’s muffled tear and sobs from her room. My mother always loved and cared for me and was very compassionate towards me, both before and after my father’s death which is more than I can say for my father. My dad would often abuse me and as I cried he would tell me to man up and do him proud and it was my mother only who questioned the large bruises scattered all over my body. Yet my mum was always there to feed me and put a roof over my head. But my eyes were only for my father so my world seemed to crumble as he made his long ominous decent to the pits of hell. â€Å"Unsteady Raspy Breathing † So as these boys told me my task in hand, ringing in my ears was the sound of my Dad saying, â€Å"so Wayne are you going to be a Mummy’s boy or a Daddy’s boy. â€Å"So not only did I accept that I had no choice, I agreed, I saw it as a gifted opportunity to do my beloved Dad proud and make up for the fact I could never live up to Ashley. I had my goal in mind and it never occurred to me the magnitude of the danger and I never assumed I would get caught. So I was dismayed to walk into a group of men the gleam in their eyes told me they knew everything. â€Å"Pause† They were smug, the kind of people when dad was alive he was obsessed with surrounding himself with. Those crocked smiles and worn bashed up faces told me they had fought many wars before. But what shocked me the most was the lack of fear and concern in their eyes. They did what they this not because they were forced to like myself, but because they found it them adrenaline and they enjoyed it! As they redrew there knives from their pockets and slashed me I didn’t resist or cry; I couldn’t stand hearing my dad’s voice again, â€Å"Man up Wayne, man up.† I had had enough. â€Å"Pause, Voice fades as he is dying† But as this happened I couldn’t help but smile to myself. I had seen who was stabbing me, I smiled at him and he smirked back, mocking me. Ashley, who I had looked up to as a child, had come back; maybe not the way I had hoped, but none the less for the past eight years since he left all I have ever wanted was for him to return. I don’t hate him for doing it; he was living my father’s dream and had done him proud more than I had ever done. â€Å"Pause† If I shift my weight I could probably see the name of this god forsaken alley. â€Å"Terminal Lane,† it probably refers to the nearly airport but I think it fits. The end of my journey, a short journey, but never the less an eventful one. â€Å"Terminal Lane†. Chuckles â€Å"Closes Eyes, Dies†. How to cite Creative Writing Monologue – How did I end up like this?, Papers

Management With Travel and Tourism

Question 1: 1.1) What is the difference between a manager and a leader? 1.2) What is Leadership (Define)? 1.3) Discuss the following theory of Leadership? Answer 1: The differences between managers and leaders are: Managers have workers. Leaders win supporters. Managers respond to change. Leaders make modification. Managers have standards. Leaders apply them. Managers unite. Leaders influence. Managers brief classes. Leaders make orders. Managers endeavour to be characters. Leaders make characters of everyone around them. Managers accept affirmation. Leaders take hazard. Managers are focused. Leaders make appropriated focusing. Managers exercise imperativeness over individuals. Leaders make essentialness with individuals. What is Leadership (Define)? Leadership has been delineated as an approach of social impact in which an individual can ask for the help and support of others in the accomplishment of a typical system. For example, some appreciate a trailblazer essentially as somebody whom individuals take after, or as somebody who books or books others, while others centre Leadership as masterminding an individual to achieve a normal target. Examinations of Leadership have made thoughts including traits, situational affiliations, limit, behaviour, force, perspective and measures, advance, and perception, among others (M., 1997). Leadership is a fundamental part in any association. It joins interpreting the course of a get-together and interfacing it to individuals, engaging, inducing and strengthening them to propel accomplishing definitive accomplishment. Leadership needs being deliberately centred around and realising behavioural systems to manufacture dedication and procure the best perform from your kin. The parts of profitable Leadership are entrapped and are consistently decided to rely on upon the specific Leadership situation, considering the issues of endeavours, the level of a pioneer's vitality and the adulthood and limits of agents. Leadership limits regularly oblige some speculation to learn, because they are multi-faceted, behavioural and perspective ward. Transforming into a capable pioneer is tangled an over-abundance of new Managers, however offers the benefits of successfully orientating individuals perform to be most gainful and quality in social affair authority. An understanding of the thoughts of immaculate considering, course making, messages and motivation gives a springboard to making limits and a successful organisation style to match your character and Leadership circumstances. Theories of Leadership Kurt Lewins studies at the University of Iowa With partners L. Lippitt and R. White, Lewin performed research about the results of three different Leadership anticipates finishes of youngsters' movement orders in Iowa (1939). Three different arrangements were sorted as law based, absolutist, and free venture. It was found that in the gathering with an absolutist trailblazer, there was more disappointment and exercises became either more centred or uninterested. In the gathering with a ubiquity based pioneer, there was more co-operation and preoccupation, while those in the free undertaking drove gathering revealed no particular disappointment, nonetheless they were not particularly fruitful either. Basically, when the specific control were requested to adjust their arrangements, the conclusions for each initiative diagram stayed indistinct. Lewin centred to exhibit that the simply arrange showed signs of improvement conclusions. The shot of open and open impacts undermines his finding at some level, yet the investigation before long recommended the purposes of enthusiasm of a simply arrange in a United States perspective. They moreover revealed that it is plausible for control and chairmen to modify their diagrams, and to be qualified to redesign their initiative and take in the wake of fitting control plans for their circumstance and perspective (STEPHEN P. ROBBINS, 2007). Ohio state studies The Ohio State Leadership Studies started in the Forties and concentrated on how organisation could fulfil common gathering needs. The results demonstrated that the two most basic estimations in Leadership included: beginning structure, and thought. These quirks could be either unfathomable or low and were divided of one another. The examination was depending upon diagrams to organisation and specialists. These studies are known as the Supervisor Behaviour Description Questionnaire (SBDQ) and the Leader Behaviour Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) (Khurana, 2010). University of Michigan Studies A common plan of examination on Leadership were done in Michigan University, starting in the nineteen fifties. They found three critical contrivances of viable organisation. Effective boss dismembered did not do in like manner kind execute as their labourers. Their endeavours were different, and included organising and arranging perform, dealing with exercises and offering vital sources. They moreover stayed managing delegates in making methodology ends of the line that were both tangled and possible. Convincing executives focused on the technique, and additionally on their relationship with their specialists. They were more sharp, profitable and helpful of agents, for instance, supporting them with their calling and individual issues. They recognised try with comprehended and furthermore outside modify, saying in view of people for attempt. All things considered, the profitable endorsed an ordinary and uninvolved appearance of course instead of close control. They set objectives and offered proposals, yet then offered their delegates a considerable measure of flexibility with reference to how the targets would be gotten. Convincing organisation use a participative style, dealing with at the gathering level furthermore openly, for example using get together to look at considerations and consolidate the gathering in cooperative choices and discriminating considering. By their exercises, such organisation plan incredible gathering orchestrated behaviour. The bit of the official is more facilitative than rule, controlling the examination and supporting to manage assortments. The director, nevertheless, is in charge of results and is not excused of commitment. In this way, they may settle on last choices that consider suggestions from the gathering. The effect of participative authority is to produce a trademark bunch which chips in rather than a set of individuals (Likert, 1961). Question 2: 2.1) What is an organisation? (Give example of different types of organisations in the Travel and Tourism industry). 2.2) Discuss the three approaches (Functional, Roles, Skills and Competencies) that can be used to describe what do Managers do? Answer 2: 2.1 Organization: A social place of people that is dealt with to fulfil a need or to partake in united targets. All associations have a control framework that picks relationship between the unique exercises and the parts, and subdivides and relegates positions, duties, and energy to bring out various endeavours. Organizations are open structures they influence and are encountering their atmosphere (BTEC National Diploma Level 3 Travel and Tourism, 2011). The different types of organisations operating in the travel and tourism business environment are: Public Sector (National, Regional, and Local) Private Sector (National, Regional, Local, International, and Global) 2.2 Functional management : is the most generally recognised sort of authentic company. The association is constructed by regions of top quality inside unique effective areas (Menz, 2012). One by and large examined program to company concept is the managerial roles approach, developed by McGill Universitys Henry Mintzberg. His technique is to watch what professionals truly do and from such recognitions achieve results regarding what managing activities viewpoint. Though various experts have examined the authentic perform of chairmen from Business owners to line chiefs Mintzberg has given this program higher noticeable top quality (Tailal, 2008). Competencies and skills are methods that blend the learning, capabilities, and features required for effective performance. Despite understanding and inclination, the major features of an individual, for example, features, affinities, propositions, social areas, and psychological self-viewpoint, furthermore characteristics around them, interact with an individual to successfully pass on unmatched performance in a given perform, part, or condition (LaRocca, 2004). References BTEC National Diploma Level 3 Travel and Tourism, 2011. Know the diff erent types of organisations operating in the travel and tourism business environment. 1st ed. s.l.:BTEC National Diploma Level 3 Travel and Tourism. Khurana, R., 2010. From Higher Aims to Hired Hands: The Social Transformation of American Business Schools and the Unfulfilled Promise of Management as a Profession, l.: Princeton University Press. LaRocca, M., 2004. Career and Competency Pathing: The Competency Modeling Approach, USA: Hewlett-Packard Compan. Likert, R., 1961. New patterns of management. NY: McGraw-Hill. C., 1997. An integrative theory of leadership, s.l.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Menz, M. 2., 2012. Functional Top Management Team Members: A Review, Synthesis, and Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 38(1), pp. 45-80. STEPHEN P. ROBBINS, M. C., 2007. 9th ed. USA: Prentice Hall, Inc.. Tailal, 2008. The Managerial Roles Approach.

Ptolemy Essays - Ancient Greek Mathematicians, Claudii,

Ptolemy Introduction In ancient times there were many great ideas which began to shape the way man perceived his environment. However, there were few minds who were able to put all of these ideas together. One of these minds belonged to Claudius Ptolemy, or just Ptolemy as he is commonly referred to. We know almost nothing of the chronology of Ptolemy's life, and we don't even know his birth or death dates. We do know, though, about his ideas in several fields, which include geography, astronomy, optics, astrology, music, and other topics. His most profound and lasting contributions came in the fields of geography and astronomy, where his two written works Geography and Almagest dominated the thinking on these subjects throughout ancient times and for many centuries to follow. To geographers, Geography represented a breakthrough in the spatial tradition of geography through Ptolemy's principles on cartography and the maps that were created from this. This will be reviewed as well as other aspects of Ptolemy's work that made him such a respected figure in the history of geography. Astronomy and Almagest It is important to mention the impact that Ptolemy had in the field of astronomy, as it allows us to understand the ideas that he was able to bring to geography. Ptolemy did his astronomical observations in Alexandria, Egypt, and it has been estimated by scholars that his findings were made in 150 AD After recording his observations and analyzing them, he incorporated them into a work that would be called the Almagest, which is a combined Greek and Latin term meaning "the greatest". Almagest is revered as one of the top astronomical works of all time, as it was a thirteen book mathematical treatment of the phenomena of astronomy. It contains a myriad of information ranging from earth conceptions to sun, moon, and star movement as well as eclipses and a breakdown on the length of months. Among his astronomical observations were the idea that the earth did not move, but rather it was the motionless center of the universe with the sun, moon, planets, and stars revolving around it. Another of Ptolemy's ideas was that the planets were closer to the earth than the stars, but farther away than the moon (which is true). These and other ideas were accepted as scientific fact for several centuries following the writing of Almagest. In fact, these ideas weren't changed or corrected until the findings of Copernicus in 1543. Geography Although we don't know if Geography was written before or after Almagest, it remains a trivial side note compared to geographical concepts presented in it that draw the interest of geographers. The introduction to Geography states what Ptolemy wants to accomplish, which includes an explanation of the principles of cartography such as giving coordinates to places around the world and geographic features as well as recommendations for making world and regional maps. He then starts his coverage of the world with Europe in Books 2 and 3. He goes on to cover Africa in Book 4 and covers Asia and summarizes his findings in Books 5-8. Geography included 26 colorized regional maps as well as one map of the "known world". Ptolemy stayed away from orthogonal (or cylindrical) world mapping in favor of three other projection types. He returns to orthogonal projection on some regional maps with dimensions based on mean latitude. The farthest point north on his map was Thule at 63 degrees north, while the farthest point south was the Agysimba and Prasum promontory east of Africa at 16 degrees, 25 minutes south. He measured the north-south length of the known world to be about 7392 kilometers or 4580 miles, while his east-west measurement was about 13,306 kilometers or 8250 miles. Geography held the same respect in the field of geography that Almagest had in astronomy. Geography was regarded as a complete and inerrant document on the subject of geography, and it dominated geographical theory until the Renaissance. The Almagest is now regarded as a better document than Geography scientifically. This is because the application of the concepts presented in Geography was substantially limited, although advances in geography theory were made. Actions After Geography Ptolemy's work has been discovered and used through the ages by several noted people around the world. Arabic writer al-Mas'udi, while writing around 956, mentioned a colored map of the Geography which had 4530 cities and over 200 mountains. Byzantine monk Maximus Planudes found a copy of the Geography in 1295, and since there were no maps in his copy, he

Free Essays on Bopolar Disorder

Definition Bipolar, or manic-depressive disorder, is a mood disorder that causes radical emotional changes and mood swings, from manic highs to depressive lows. The majority of bipolar individuals experience alternating episodes of mania and depression. Description In the United States alone, bipolar disorder afflicts almost two million people at an annual cost of over $45 billion, according to a 1991 report by the National Institutes of Mental Health. The average age of onset of bipolar disorder is from adolescence through the early twenties. However, because of the complexity of the disorder, a correct diagnosis can be delayed for several years or more. In a survey of bipolar patients conducted by the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA), one-half of respondents reported visiting three or more professionals before receiving a correct diagnosis, and over one-third reported a wait of ten years or more before they were correctly diagnosed. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), the diagnostic standard for mental health professionals in the United States, defines four separate categories of bipolar disorder: bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and bipolar not-otherwise-specified (NOS). Bipolar I disorder is characterized by manic episodes, the "high" of the manic-depressive cycle. A bipolar patient experiencing mania often has feelings of self-importance, elation, talkativeness, increased sociability, and a desire to embark on goal-oriented activities, coupled with the characteristics of irritability, impatience, impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and a decreased need for sleep. Usually this manic period is followed by a period of depression, although a few bipolar I individuals may not experience a major depressive episode. Mixed states, where both manic or hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms occur at the same time, also occur frequently with bipolar... Free Essays on Bopolar Disorder Free Essays on Bopolar Disorder Definition Bipolar, or manic-depressive disorder, is a mood disorder that causes radical emotional changes and mood swings, from manic highs to depressive lows. The majority of bipolar individuals experience alternating episodes of mania and depression. Description In the United States alone, bipolar disorder afflicts almost two million people at an annual cost of over $45 billion, according to a 1991 report by the National Institutes of Mental Health. The average age of onset of bipolar disorder is from adolescence through the early twenties. However, because of the complexity of the disorder, a correct diagnosis can be delayed for several years or more. In a survey of bipolar patients conducted by the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA), one-half of respondents reported visiting three or more professionals before receiving a correct diagnosis, and over one-third reported a wait of ten years or more before they were correctly diagnosed. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), the diagnostic standard for mental health professionals in the United States, defines four separate categories of bipolar disorder: bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and bipolar not-otherwise-specified (NOS). Bipolar I disorder is characterized by manic episodes, the "high" of the manic-depressive cycle. A bipolar patient experiencing mania often has feelings of self-importance, elation, talkativeness, increased sociability, and a desire to embark on goal-oriented activities, coupled with the characteristics of irritability, impatience, impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and a decreased need for sleep. Usually this manic period is followed by a period of depression, although a few bipolar I individuals may not experience a major depressive episode. Mixed states, where both manic or hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms occur at the same time, also occur frequently with bipolar...

Approach to Shared Decision-Making in Nursing Literature review

Approach to Shared Decision-Making in Nursing - Literature review Example The title is a very important component of a research article. It should be capable of capturing the articles’ major variables concepts and the methods involved (Kaplan 2012). A careful look at the research article under focus, the authors have captured diverse aspects of the study in the title. Firstly, the program under consideration is very clearly defined, IP-SDM. Secondly, it goes further to specify on the particular area under investigation, which happens to be the intentions of the healthcare providers as they engage in the program. These two aspects make the title accurate and specific on the issue being discussed in the article. It is also clear the type of participants that are involved in the study from the title, those health workers in home care programs. However, the authors take a global perspective in the methodology used. The title mentions in broad terms that the research uses mixed methods without a clear definition of what are those ‘mixed methodsâ₠¬â„¢. The length of the title is desirable; this is because it carries diverse aspects under investigation that cannot be assumed. It is descriptive and informative, just from a first look it is likely that one is capable of capturing the parameters under investigations and the variable involved. Largely the title is the best impression that gives a view of what to expect in the main body of the article, and sure enough, Legare et al. successfully captures most of the aspects. (Università © Laval 2013).... Subjects The research has clearly identified the subjects in the study. Sample selection A large sample size was considered to take care of the mixed methodology approach that was taken in the research. The sample was selected from various health centres and featured 126 heath care providers. Data collection Data collected collection was efficiently done through a survey, filling in of questionnaires and use of focus groups. The instruments used are reliable and valid as stated in the research paper. Ethical considerations There was involvement of ethical considerations by the researchers. Firstly, data collection using the various tools was based on willingness of individuals. Secondly, the participants understood what the research entailed before engaging with it. In addition, their confidentiality and anonymity was assured. The research has not declared whether it had approval from the ethical committee. Results The results have been tabulated clearly. They have demonstrated consi stency with other previous works. From the results it is possible to project the conclusions. Data analysis Data has been well analysed especially because it was qualitative. The analysis is sufficient to demonstrate the relationship between the test variables. Discussion The research paper has clearly defined the relationship between the results and the test variables. They have attempted to balance between the aspects that are supported by the findings as well as those that do not. They have also gone a step ahead to provide the implications of the findings to the health sector. The discussion is deficient of the weaknesses of the study that may have made the results unreliable. Conclusions The conclusions are very

Theories of Exchange Rate Determination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Theories of Exchange Rate Determination - Essay Example Infact before exploring various exchange rate models it is worth looking at how a wrong assessment of the exchange rate can cause difficulties where as in the past various corporations have dealt with and suffered the burnt of foreign currency transaction risk. Millman(1990,1995) gives some interesting examples in his research work. One example he gives is of Lufthansa,the German airline which when contracted with Boeing to purchase aircrafts in the 1980's ,the value of the dollar was rising. The price of the aircrafts were set in dollars. Lufthansa feared that the dollar would strengthen and the cost in . Deutsche marks would increase the cost of the planes. Therefore it entered into forward contracts for the dollars required to pay for the planes.Contray to expectations the dollar weakened. Due to its wrong speculation forward contracts cost Lufthansa $140 to $160 million more for the aircrafts that they would have if they had bought the dollars on the spot market(Millman 1990). Although then there is no reliable way to counter forex risk in foreign markets it now worth looking at the various exchange rate models and how they have shaped forex and macroeconomic policies to avoid unexpected risks especially in financially volatile markets much affected by political repercussions and unpredictable events. Introduction to forex theory and its determination There are various theories of exchange rates which tend to produce various estimates of the exchange rate .This is not mainly due to the application of different theories however as varying econometric methods may also cause this variation and this has also caused doubt as to their efficacy and credibility as reliable estimates of a country's forex reserves. In this vein my paper will explore three of the existing theories pertaining to forecasting the exchange rate movements in the light of their empirical and micro foundations. This will be discussed according to their preconditions, implications and advantages and disadvantages. PPP approach Firstly we have the purchasing power parity approach to the exchange rate which has empirically found a lot of support and has influenced a lot of economic thought. The crux of this approach lies